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''Aach'' (variants ''Ache''; ''Aa'') is a widespread Upper German hydronym, from an Old High German ''aha'' (Proto-Germanic '' *ahwō'') "running water" (ultimately from PIE '' *hakʷā-'' "(moving) water") The word has also been reduced to a frequent sufix ''-ach'' in Alemannic and Austro-Bavarian toponymy. The word is cognate with Old English ''ǣ'', Old Saxon ''aha'', Old Norse '' á'', Gothic ''aƕa'', all meaning "river; running water". Related is the German ''Aue'' (variant ''Au'') with a meaning "river island, wetland, floodplain, riparian woodland", i.e. a cultivated landscape in a riparian zone. It is derived from the same root, but with a ''-yo-'' suffix (Proto-Germanic '' *awjō''). This word was also reduced to a suffix, as ''-au'' (as in ''Reichenau''). It is frequent as a river name, as in Große Aue, Aue (Elbe), Aue (Weser), etc., as well as the name of a settlement, as in Aue (Saxony), Au, St. Gallen, Au, Vorarlberg, Au am Rhein, Au am Leithaberge, etc. The river-name ''Aach'' in Upper Germany is reserved for broad, but non-navigable, running streams with noticeable gradient sufficient to power water mills; it contrasts with ''Fluss'' used for navigable rivers on one hand, and with ''Bach'' for minor brooks or rivulets. An instructive example is Salzach, now classed as a ''Fluss'' ("river") but formerly as ''Ache'' as it was only navigable by raft, not by regular riverboats. Hydronymy in ''-ach'' generally indicates a Germanic settlement in the early medieval or migration period, while names in ''-bach'' indicate names of the high medieval period.〔 Ute Maurnböck-Mosser, ''Die Haus- und Hofnamen im Gerichtsbezirk Mauerkirchen'', 200, chapters "Die Bildung der Haus- und Hofnamen", "Grundwortverzeichnis"; (ute.at ) 〕 Hydronyms in ''aar'', ''ahr'', ''acher'' reflect a cognate Celtic word. In French, the Old Frankish form evolved into ''aix'', as in Aix-en-Provence, Aix-les-Bains; the Italian reflex is ''-acco''. == References == * Dieter Berger: ''Duden, Geographische Namen in Deutschland. Herkunft und Bedeutung der Namen von Ländern, Städten, Bergen und Gewässern'', 2nd ed., Mannheim 1999, ISBN 3-411-06252-5 * Werner König: ''dtv-Atlas zur deutschen Sprache. Tafeln und Texte''. 10th ed.. dtv-Atlas Nr. 3025, München 1994, ISBN 3-423-03025-9 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aach (toponymy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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